The stratospheric aerosol engineering was first inspired from the event of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption which began in July 1990, when a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurred 100 kilometers (62 miles) The eruption lasted for nine hours and caused numerous large earthquakes due to the collapse of the summit of Mount Pinatubo.However,the timely forecast of this eruption by scientists from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology eventually have saved more than 5,000 life of people who were mostly live near the volcano.
 |
| A huge cloud of volcanic ash and gas rises above Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, on June 12, 1991. Three days later, the volcano exploded in the second-largest volcanic eruption on Earth in this century. Timely forecasts of this eruption by scientists from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology and the U.S. Geological Survey enabled people living near the volcano to evacuate to safer distances, saving at least 5,000 lives . |
 |
| geographical situation of Mt Pinatubo at Philippine |
Scientist reported that aftermath of the eruption , nearly 20 millions tons of noxious sulfur dioxide was injected in the atmosphere. Amazingly dispersal of this gas cloud around the world caused global temperatures to drop temporarily, 1991 through 1993 by about 0.5°C, in the meanwhile ash
deposits have also been remobilized by monsoon and typhoon rains to form giant mudflows of volcanic materials. Large concentrations of sulfur dioxide that released causes global surface cooling by reflecting sunlight back into space before it has a chance to further warm's the Earth's surface. Despite of aiding in the cooling effect, aerosol on the other hand can also enhance ozone destruction in the stratosphere by acting as a surface for chemical reactions, as do PSCs.
RUSSIA
In Russia, it was reported by NASA that the first stratospheric aerosol engineering project was launched in December 10,2001 at Baikonur Cosmodrome,Russia. The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE III) was one of the Earth observing system (EOS) component of the Russian Meteor-3M mission.
SAGE III provided accurate, long-term measurements of ozone, aerosols, water vapour, and other key parameters of Earth's atmosphere. Due to a power supply system failure, communication with the satellite was lost on March 6, 2006 and the SAGE III and Meteor-3M missions were terminated. This SAGE III has their own
goals which are to provide global and long-term measurements of key components of Earth's atmosphere. It also provided measurements of temperature in the stratosphere and mesosphere. Through profiles of trace gases, such as water vapour and nitrogen dioxide, SAGE III investigated the significant role of these gases in atmospheric radiative and chemical processes.
 |
| injection of aerosol in the atmosphere near the northern Russia |
 |
| Meteor-3M/ SAGE-III operation |
goals which are to provide global and long-term measurements of key components of Earth's atmosphere. It also provided measurements of temperature in the stratosphere and mesosphere. Through profiles of trace gases, such as water vapour and nitrogen dioxide, SAGE III investigated the significant role of these gases in atmospheric radiative and chemical processes.
 |
| SAG-III in the making |
CHINA
Stratospheric aerosol and gas experiment (SAGE) II and the halogen occultation experiment (HALOE) ozone profiles have been launched in China. The aerosol and ozone mixing ratio data of HALOE goals is to analyse the distribution and trends of the aerosol and ozone over the China. There is clear gap in the aerosol and ozone vertical profiles. Below the 50 hPa level the difference of the aerosol in different seasons is clear and the aerosol mixing ratio in winter and spring is more than that in summer and autumn. Between 20 hPa and 5 hPa, the ozone mixing ratio is highest in summer and lowest in winter.
